Thursday, May 1, 2008

Perl: Functions by name

abs: absolute value function

accept: accept an incoming socket connect

alarm: schedule a SIGALRM

atan2: arctangent of Y/X in the range: PI to PI



bind: binds an address to a socket

binmode: prepare binary files for I/O

bless: create an object

break: break out of a loop



caller: get context of the current subroutine call

chdir: change your current working directory

chmod: changes the permissions on a list of files

chomp: remove a trailing record separator from a string

chop: remove the last character from a string

chown: change the owership on a list of files

chr: get character this number represents

chroot: make directory new root for path lookups

close: close file (or pipe or socket) handle

closedir: close directory handle

connect: connect to a remote socket

continue: optional trailing block in a while or foreach

cos: cosine function

crypt: one-way passwd-style encryption



dbmclose: breaks binding on a tied dbm file

dbmopen: create binding on a tied dbm file

defined: test whether a value, variable, or function is defined

delete: deletes a value from a hash

die: raise an exception or bail out

do: turn a BLOCK into a TERM

dump: create an immediate core dump



each: retrieve the next key/value pair from a hash

endgrent: be done using group file

endhostent: be done using hosts file

endnetent: be done using networks file

endprotoent: be done using protocols file

endpwent: be done using passwd file

endservent: be done using services file

eof: test a filehandle for its end

eval: catch exceptions or compile and run code

exec: abandon this program to run another

exists: test whether a hash key is present

exit: terminate this program

exp: raise I to a power



fcntl: file control system call

fileno: return file descriptor from filehandle

flock: lock an entire file with an advisory lock

fork: create a new process just like this one

format: declare a picture format with use by the write() function

formline: internal function used for formats



getc: get the next character from the filehandle

getgrent: get next group record

getgrgid: get group record given group user ID

getgrnam: get group record given group name

gethostbyaddr: get host record given its address

gethostbyname: get host record given name

gethostent: get next hosts record

getlogin: return who logged in at this tty

getnetbyaddr: get network record given its address

getnetbyname: get networks record given name

getnetent: get next networks record

getpeername: find the other end of a socket connection

getpgrp: get process group

getppid: get parent process ID

getpriority: get current nice value

getprotobyname: get protocol record given name

getprotobynumber: get protocol record numeric protocol

getprotoent: get next protocols record

getpwent: get next passwd record

getpwnam: get passwd record given user login name

getpwuid: get passwd record given user ID

getservbyname: get services record given its name

getservbyport: get services record given numeric port

getservent: get next services record

getsockname: retrieve the sockaddr for a given socket

getsockopt: get socket options on a given socket

glob: expand filenames using wildcards

gmtime: convert UNIX time into record or string using Greenwich time

goto: create spaghetti code

grep: locate elements in a list test true against a given criterion



hex: convert a string to a hexadecimal number



import: patch a module's namespace into your own

index: find a substring within a string

int: get the integer portion of a number

ioctl: system-dependent device control system call



join: join a list into a string using a separator



keys: retrieve list of indices from a hash

kill: send a signal to a process or process group



last: exit a block prematurely

lc: return lower-case version of a string

lcfirst: return a string with just the next letter in lower case

length: return the number of bytes in a string

link: create a hard link in the filesytem

listen: register your socket as a server

local: create a temporary value for a global variable (dynamic scoping)

localtime: convert UNIX time into record or string using local time

lock: get a thread lock on a variable, subroutine, or method

log: retrieve the natural logarithm for a number

lstat: stat a symbolic link



m: match a string with a regular expression pattern

map: apply a change to a list to get back a new list with the changes

mkdir: create a directory

msgctl: SysV IPC message control operations

msgget: get SysV IPC message queue

msgrcv: receive a SysV IPC message from a message queue

msgsnd: send a SysV IPC message to a message queue

my: declare and assign a local variable (lexical scoping)



next: iterate a block prematurely

no: unimport some module symbols or semantics at compile time



oct: convert a string to an octal number

open: open a file, pipe, or descriptor

opendir: open a directory

ord: find a character's numeric representation

our: declare and assign a package variable (lexical scoping)



pack: convert a list into a binary representation

package: declare a separate global namespace

pipe: open a pair of connected filehandles

pop: remove the last element from an array and return it

pos: find or set the offset for the last/next m//g search

print: output a list to a filehandle

printf: output a formatted list to a filehandle

prototype: get the prototype (if any) of a subroutine

push: append one or more elements to an array



q: singly quote a string

qq: doubly quote a string

qr: Compile pattern

quotemeta: quote regular expression magic characters

qw: quote a list of words

qx: backquote quote a string



rand: retrieve the next pseudorandom number

read: fixed-length buffered input from a filehandle

readdir: get a directory from a directory handle

readline: fetch a record from a file

readlink: determine where a symbolic link is pointing

readpipe: execute a system command and collect standard output

recv: receive a message over a Socket

redo: start this loop iteration over again

ref: find out the type of thing being referenced

rename: change a filename

require: load in external functions from a library at runtime

reset: clear all variables of a given name

return: get out of a function early

reverse: flip a string or a list

rewinddir: reset directory handle

rindex: right-to-left substring search

rmdir: remove a directory



s: replace a pattern with a string

say:

scalar: force a scalar context

seek: reposition file pointer for random-access I/O

seekdir: reposition directory pointer

select: reset default output or do I/O multiplexing

semctl: SysV semaphore control operations

semget: get set of SysV semaphores

semop: SysV semaphore operations

send: send a message over a socket

setgrent: prepare group file for use

sethostent: prepare hosts file for use

setnetent: prepare networks file for use

setpgrp: set the process group of a process

setpriority: set a process's nice value

setprotoent: prepare protocols file for use

setpwent: prepare passwd file for use

setservent: prepare services file for use

setsockopt: set some socket options

shift: remove the first element of an array, and return it

shmctl: SysV shared memory operations

shmget: get SysV shared memory segment identifier

shmread: read SysV shared memory

shmwrite: write SysV shared memory

shutdown: close down just half of a socket connection

sin: return the sine of a number

sleep: block for some number of seconds

socket: create a socket

socketpair: create a pair of sockets

sort: sort a list of values

splice: add or remove elements anywhere in an array

split: split up a string using a regexp delimiter

sprintf: formatted print into a string

sqrt: square root function

srand: seed the random number generator

stat: get a file's status information

state:

study: optimize input data for repeated searches

sub: declare a subroutine, possibly anonymously

substr: get or alter a portion of a stirng

symlink: create a symbolic link to a file

syscall: execute an arbitrary system call

sysopen: open a file, pipe, or descriptor

sysread: fixed-length unbuffered input from a filehandle

sysseek: position I/O pointer on handle used with sysread and syswrite

system: run a separate program

syswrite: fixed-length unbuffered output to a filehandle



tell: get current seekpointer on a filehandle

telldir: get current seekpointer on a directory handle

tie: bind a variable to an object class

tied: get a reference to the object underlying a tied variable

time: return number of seconds since 1970

times: return elapsed time for self and child processes

tr: transliterate a string

truncate: shorten a file



uc: return upper-case version of a string

ucfirst: return a string with just the next letter in upper case

umask: set file creation mode mask

undef: remove a variable or function definition

unlink: remove one link to a file

unpack: convert binary structure into normal perl variables

unshift: prepend more elements to the beginning of a list

untie: break a tie binding to a variable

use: load in a module at compile time

utime: set a file's last access and modify times



values: return a list of the values in a hash

vec: test or set particular bits in a string



wait: wait for any child process to die

waitpid: wait for a particular child process to die

wantarray: get void vs scalar vs list context of current subroutine call

warn: print debugging info

write: print a picture record



X: a file test (-r,: x, etc)



y: transliterate a string

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